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Neural networks do their learning via lots of real-world data. A neural net that sees enough photographs labeled with "cat" or "bicycle" eventually learns to identify those objects, for example, even though the inner workings of the process aren't the if-this-then-that sorts of algorithms humans can follow. "It bothered me that I didn't know what was inside the neural network," said Levoy, who initially was a machine-learning skeptic. "I knew the algorithms to do things the old way. I've been beat down so completely and consistently by the success of machine learning" that now he's a convert.

Google's Pixel 2 XL has a single camera, unlike rival flagship phones from Apple and Samsung, The second big circle is a fingerprint reader, One thing Google ted baker emmare iphone 7 plus mirror folio case - palace gardens didn't add more of was actual cameras, Apple's iPhone 8 Plus, Samsung's Galaxy Note 8, and other flagship phones these days come with two cameras, but for now at least, Google concentrated its energy on making that single camera as good as possible, "Everything you do is a tradeoff," Knight said, Second cameras often aren't as good in dim conditions as the primary camera, and they consume more power while taking up space that could be used for a battery, "We decided we could deliver a really compelling experience with a single camera."Google's approach also means its single-lens camera can use portrait mode even with add-on phone-cam lenses from Moment and others..

So what makes the Google Pixel 2 camera tick?. A key foundation is HDR+, a technology that deals with the age-old photography problem of dynamic range. A camera that can capture a high dynamic range (HDR) records details in the shadows without turning bright areas like somebody's cheeks into distracting glare. Google's take on the problem starts by capturing up to 10 photos, all very underexposed so that bright areas like blue skies don't wash out. It picks the best of the bunch, weeding out blurry ones, then combines the images to build up a properly lit image.

Compared to last year, Google went even farther down the HDR+ ted baker emmare iphone 7 plus mirror folio case - palace gardens path, The raw frames are even darker on the Pixel 2, "We're underexposing even more so we can get even more dynamic range," Knight said, Google also uses artificial intelligence to judge just how bright is right, Levoy said, Google trained its AI with many photos carefully labeled so the machine-learning system could figure out what's best, "What exposure do you want for this sunset, that snow scene?" he said, "Those are important decisions."In challenging conditions like this dawn sky, the Pixel 2 photo at left is sharper, with better shadow details and a less washed-out sky compared to the shot from 2016's first-gen Pixel, This image is zoomed in, with shadows boosted to show details..

HDR+ works better this year also because the Pixel 2 and its bigger Pixel 2 XL sibling add optical image stabilization (OIS). That means the camera tries to counteract camera shake by physically moving optical elements, That's a sharp contrast to the first Pixel, which only uses software-based electronic image stabilization to try to un-wobble the phone. With optical stabilization, the Pixel 2 phones get a better foundation for HDR. "With OIS, most of the frames are really sharp. When we choose which frames to combine, we have a large number of excellent frames," Knight said.